根据上面总结的Introduction的7个逻辑结构，给大家列举了15句对应的常用的高级句型。以后，直接填空就可以啦，一文在手，导师无忧~

01

表述研究主题的社会意义

1X is fundamental to …

2X has a pivotal role in …

3X is frequently prescribed for …

4X is fast becoming a key instrument in …

5X plays a vital role in the metabolism of …

6X plays a critical role in the maintenance of …

7Xs have emerged as powerful platforms for …

8X is essential for a wide range of technologies.

9X can play an important role in addressing the issue of …

10Xs are the most potent anti-inflammatory agents known.

11There is evidence that X plays a crucial role in regulating …

12X is a common condition which has considerable impact on …

13In the new global economy, X has become a central issue for …

14Evidence suggests that X is among the most important factors for …

15X is important for a wide range of scientific and industrial processes.

16Xs are one of the most widely used groups of antibacterial agents and …

17There is a growing body of literature that recognises the importance of …

18X is an important component in the climate system, and plays a key role in Y.

19In the history of development economics, X has been thought of as a key factor in …

20Xs are one of the most widely used groups of Y and have been extensively used for ….

02

表述研究主题对于学科的重要性

1A key aspect of X is …

2X is of interest because …

3X is a classic problem in …

4A primary concern of X is …

5X is a dominant feature of …

6X is an important aspect of …

7X is a fundamental property of …

8The concepts of X and Y are central to …

9X is at the heart of our understanding of …

10Investigating X is a continuing concern within …

11X is a major area of interest within the field of …

12X has been studied by many researchers using …

13X has been an object of research since the 1960s.

14X has been the subject of many classic studies in …

15X has been instrumental in our understanding of …

16The theory of X provides a useful account of how …

17Central to the entire discipline of X is the concept of …

18X is an increasingly important area in applied linguistics.

19The issue of X has received considerable critical attention.

20X has long been a question of great interest in a wide range of fields.

03

研究主题：时间上的重要性

1Recently, there has been renewed interest in …

2Traditionally, Xs have subscribed to the belief that …

3One of the most important events of the 1970s was …

4In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in …

5Recent developments in X have heightened the need for …

6The last two decades have seen a growing trend towards …

7Recently, researchers have shown an increased interest in …

8Over the past century, there has been a dramatic increase in …

9Recent trends in X have led to a proliferation of studies that …

10X proved an important literary genre in the early Y community.

11The past decade has seen the rapid development of X in many …

12Since it was reported in 2005, X has been attracting a lot of interest.

13Recently, a considerable literature has grown up around the theme of …

14Recent developments in the field of X have led to a renewed interest in …

15The past thirty years have seen increasingly rapid advances in the field of …

16The changes experienced by X over the past decade remain unprecedented.

17In light of recent events in X, it is becoming extremely difficult to ignore the existence of …

04

研究主题：亟待解决的问题

1X is a major problem in …

2Of particular concern is …

3One of the main obstacles …

4One of the greatest challenges …

5A key issue is the safe disposal of …

6The main disadvantage of X is that …

7X is associated with increased risk of …

8X impacts negatively upon a range of …

9X is a common disorder characterised by …

10It is now well established that X can impair …

11X has led to the decline in the population of …

12X is a growing public health concern worldwide.

13The main challenge faced by many researchers is the …

14X is one of the most frequently stated problems with …

15Lack of X has existed as a health problem for many years.

16X is a major environmental problem, and the main cause of …

17Xs are one of the most rapidly declining groups of insects in …

18X is the leading cause of death in western-industrialised countries.

19Exposure to X has been shown to be related to adverse effects in …

20There is increasing concern that some Xs are being disadvantaged …

21There is an urgent need to address the safety problems caused by …

However,

1X may cause …

2X is limited by …

3X suffers from …

4X is too expensive to be used for …

5X has accentuated the problem of …

6the performance of X is limited by …

7X could be a contributing factor to …

8the synthesis of X remains a major challenge.

9X can be extremely harmful to human beings.

10research has consistently shown that X lacks …

11a major problem with this kind of application is …

12the determination of X is technically challenging.

13current methods of X have proven to be unreliable.

14these rapid changes are having a serious effect on …

15X can be adversely affected under certain conditions.

16observations have indicated a serious decline in the population of...

05

以往研究已证实....

1Recent evidence suggests that …

2Extensive research has shown that …

3Studies of X show the importance of …

4It has previously been observed that …

5Several attempts have been made to …

6Previous research has established that …

7Data from several studies suggest that …

8Recent work by historians has established that …

9Previous research comparing X and Y has found …

10The existing body of research on X suggests that …

11There is a growing body of literature that recognises …

12Several theories on the origin of X have been proposed.

13Existing research recognises the critical role played by …

14It is now well established from a variety of studies, that …

15Recently investigators have examined the effects of X on Y.

16Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) have shown that …

17Factors found to be influencing X have been explored in several studies.

18A number of cross-sectional studies suggest an association between X and Y…

19Studies over the past two decades have provided important information on …

20A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies …

06

领域内的争论、分歧、知识缺陷

1A much debated question is whether …

2One major issue in early X research concerned …

3To date there has been little agreement on what …

4The issue has grown in importance in light of recent …

5One of the most significant current discussions in X is …

6In the literature on X, the relative importance of Y is debated.

7One observer has already drawn attention to the paradox in …

8Questions have been raised about the use of animal subjects in …

9In many Xs, a debate is taking place between Ys and Zs concerning …

10Debate continues about the best strategies for the management of …

11This concept has recently been challenged by X studies demonstrating …

12The debate about X has gained fresh prominence with many arguing that …

13Scholars have long debated the impact of X on the creation and diffusion of …

14More recently, literature has emerged that offers contradictory findings about …

15One major theoretical issue that has dominated the field for many years concerns …

16The controversy about scientific evidence for X has raged unabated for over a century.

17The issue of X has been a controversial and much disputed subject within the field of …

18The causes of X have been the subject of intense debate within the scientific community.

19In the literature on X, the relative importance of Y has been subject to considerable discussion.

07

以往研究的不足之处

1Previous studies of X have not dealt with …

2Researchers have not treated X in much detail.

3Such expositions are unsatisfactory because they …

4Most studies in the field of X have only focused on …

5Such approaches, however, have failed to address …

6Previous published studies are limited to local surveys.

7Half of the studies evaluated failed to specify whether …

8The research to date has tended to focus on X rather than Y.

9Previously published studies on the effect of X are not consistent.

10Smith’s analysis does not take account of …, nor does she examine …

11The existing accounts fail to resolve the contradiction between X and Y.

12However, much of the research up to now has been deive in nature …

13The generalisability of much published research on this issue is problematic.

14Research on the subject has been mostly restricted to limited comparisons of …

15However, few writers have been able to draw on any systematic research into …

16Short-term studies such as these do not necessarily show subtle changes over time …

17Although extensive research has been carried out on X, no single study exists which …

18However, these results were based upon data from over 30 years ago and it is unclear if …

19The experimental data are rather controversial, and there is no general agreement about …

20Most studies in X have only been carried out in a small number of areas.

08

该课题缺少相关研究

1There is little published data on …

2No previous study has investigated X.

3The use of X has not been investigated.

4There has been no detailed investigation of …

5There has been little quantitative analysis of …

6Data about the efficacy and safety of X are limited.

7Up to now, far too little attention has been paid to …

8A search of the literature revealed few studies which …

9The impact of X on Y is understudied, particularly for …

10Few studies have investigated X in any systematic way …

11In addition, no research has been found that surveyed …

12So far, however, there has been little discussion about …

13So far, very little attention has been paid to the role of X.

14Surprisingly, the effects of X have not been closely examined.

15In contrast to X, there is much less information about effects of …

16A systematic understanding of how X contributes to Y is still lacking.

17Despite the importance of X, there remains a paucity of evidence on …

18There have been no controlled studies which compare differences in …

19To date, the problem has received scant attention in the research literature

20To date, there are few studies that have investigated the association between …

While / Whilst / Although, some research has been carried out on X,

1no single study exists which …

2no studies have been found which …

3no controlled studies have been reported.

4only two studies have attempted to investigate …

5there have been few empirical investigations into …

6there is still very little scientific understanding of …

7the mechanism by which … has not been established.

09

知识缺口

1It is still not known whether …

2… much less is known about X.

3The nature of X remains unclear.

4Currently, there are no data on …

5What is less clear is the nature of …

6Very little is currently known about X in …

7Research to date has not yet determined …

8What is not yet clear is the impact of X on …

9There is still uncertainty, however, whether …

10The response of X to Y is not fully understood.

11Causal factors leading to X remain speculative.

12The neurobiological basis of X is poorly understood.

13Little is known about X and it is not clear what factors …

14To date, only a limited number of Xs have been identified.

15The mechanisms that underpin X are not fully understood.

16Much uncertainty still exists about the relationship between …

17This indicates a need to understand the various perceptions of X that exist among …

18It is now well established that … However, the influence of X on Y has remained unclear.

However,

1very little is known about X in…

2few studies have investigated …

3the nature of X remains unclear.

4much less is known about how …

5the use of X has not been investigated.

6far too little attention has been paid to …

7the behaviour of X has not yet been investigated.

8the evidence for this relationship is inconclusive …

9much uncertainty still exists about the relation between …

10there have been no controlled studies which compare differences in…

10

陈述文章的目的、焦点、争论

1In this paper, I argue that …

2This paper attempts to show that …

3The central thesis of this paper is that …

4In the pages that follow, it will be argued that …

5In this essay, I attempt to defend the view that …

6The aim of this essay is to explore the relationship between …

7The purpose of this paper is to review recent research into the …

This paper

1argues that …

2gives an account of …

3discusses the case of …

4analyses the impact of …

5attempts to show that …

6contests the claim that …

7provides an overview of …

8reviews the evidence for …

9reports on a study which …

10traces the development of …

11explores the ways in which …

12assesses the significance of …

13highlights the importance of …

14considers the implications of …

15critically examines the view that …

16proposes a new methodology for …

17examines the relationship between …

18compares the different ways in which …

19investigates the factors that determine …

20describes the design and implementation of …

11

陈述研究的目标

1The specific objective of this study was to …

2An objective of this study was to investigate …

3This thesis will examine the way in which the …

4This study set out to investigate the usefulness of …

5This dissertation seeks to explain the development of …

6This case study seeks to examine the changing nature of …

7The objectives of this research are to determine whether …

8This prospective study was designed to investigate the use of …

9This research examines the emerging role of X in the context of …

10This study systematically reviews the data for…, aiming to provide …

11Drawing upon two strands of research into X, this study attempts to …

12This thesis intends to determine the extent to which … and whether …

13This dissertation aims to unravel some of the mysteries surrounding …

14This study therefore set out to assess the effect of X …, and the effect of …

15The main aim of this study is to investigate the differences between X and Y.

16Part of the aim of this project is to develop software that is compatible with …

17There are two primary aims of this study: 1. To investigate … 2. To ascertain …

18This study seeks to obtain data which will help to address these research gaps.

19One purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which these factors were …

20The purpose of this investigation is to explore the relationship between X and Y.

12

实验设计和实验方法

1Data for this study were collected using …

2Five works will be examined, all of which …

3This investigation takes the form of a case-study of the …

4This study was exploratory and interpretative in nature.

5This study uses a qualitative case study approach to investigate …

6The research data in this thesis is drawn from four main sources: …

7The approach to empirical research adopted for this study was one of …

8This dissertation follows a case-study design, with in-depth analysis of …

9By employing qualitative modes of enquiry, I attempt to illuminate the …

10Qualitative and quantitative research designs were adopted to provide …

11Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in this investigation.

12A holistic approach is utilised, integrating X, Y and Z material to establish …

13The study was conducted in the form of a survey, with data being gathered via …

14The methodological approach taken in this study is a mixed methodology based on …

15A combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches was used in the data analysis.

13

本研究的意义所在

1This is the first study to …

2This study provides new insights into …

3This work will generate fresh insight into …

4The study offers some important insights into …

5Understanding the link between X and Y will help …

6This is the first study to undertake a longitudinal analysis of …

7The present research explores, for the first time, the effects of …

8The importance and originality of this study are that it explores …

9The findings should make an important contribution to the field of ….

10Characterisation of X is important for our increased understanding of …

11It is hoped that this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of …

12This study aims to contribute to this growing area of research by exploring …

13This project provided an important opportunity to advance the understanding of …

14Therefore, this study makes a major contribution to research on X by demonstrating …

15There are several important areas where this study makes an original contribution to …

16The experimental work presented here provides one of the first investigations into how …

14

本研究的不足之处

1The thesis does not engage with …

2It is not the task of this paper to examine …

3This study is unable to encompass the entire …

4Establishing X is beyond the scope of this study.

5It is beyond the scope of this study to examine the …

6A full discussion of X lies beyond the scope of this study.

7The reader should bear in mind that the study is based on …

8Another potential problem is that the scope of my thesis may be too broad.

9Due to practical constraints, this paper cannot provide a comprehensive review of…

15

表述文章结构

1The first section of this paper will examine…

2This paper begins by … It will then go on to …

3My thesis is composed of four themed chapters.

4The essay has been organised in the following way.

5The remaining part of the paper proceeds as follows: …

6The main issues addressed in this paper are: a), b) and c).

7This paper first gives a brief overview of the recent history of X.

8This paper has been divided into four parts. The first part deals with …

9The third chapter is concerned with the methodology used for this study.

10The overall structure of the study takes the form of six chapters, including …

11Chapter Four analyses the results of interviews and focus group discussions undertaken during …

12Chapter Two begins by laying out the theoretical dimensions of the research, and looks at how …

13The fourth section presents the findings of the research, focusing on the three key themes that …

有了上面的“万能公式”，导师再也不用担心我的Introduction，赶快动手写起来吧。关注“科研猫”，获取更多写文技巧哦。

参考内容转载自：

http://www.phrasebank.manchester.ac.uk/introducing-work/

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